{"coverage_note":"Five discrepancy categories were checked for eBay: (1) Pricing \u2014 no finding; searches for hidden fees, junk fees, or checkout price inflation specific to eBay returned only general FTC rulemaking and eBay's own disclosed import-fee notices, with no regulatory action or verified systematic gap identified. (2) Availability \u2014 finding present; eBay has a documented, ongoing ghost listing problem where sold items are re-listed and appear purchasable but cannot be fulfilled, confirmed by eBay's own community forums and a dedicated reporting mechanism. (3) Identity \u2014 finding present; since the 2021 Managed Payments rollout eBay appears as merchant of record on card statements but routes dispute liability to individual sellers and card issuers, creating confirmed three-party ambiguity documented in eBay's own published policies. (4) Policy \u2014 finding present; sellers may display a 'No Returns' policy but eBay's Money Back Guarantee overrides this for damaged, faulty, or misrepresented items, a structural discrepancy explicitly confirmed in eBay's seller help documentation. (5) Undisclosed constraints \u2014 finding present; eBay requires an out-of-band manual enablement step for international sellers listing items at US$500 or above for U.S. buyers (effective August 27, 2025, threshold lowered from US$2,500), a constraint not surfaced in the listing creation workflow and only discoverable after a listing is silently terminated. All five categories were actively searched; no scans were blocked or missing.","human_handoff_required_for":[{"action":"Escalate to a human when a seller cancels or fails to fulfill an order after checkout, citing an out-of-stock item, because this is a known platform-level ghost listing failure \u2014 do not silently retry or assume the item is available at the same price elsewhere on eBay without user confirmation.","evidence":[{"description":"eBay's own community forums document a systemic ghost listing problem where already-sold items are automatically re-listed by the platform and appear purchasable but cannot be fulfilled; eBay created a dedicated reporting mechanism acknowledging the issue is real and persistent.","reference":"https://community.ebay.com/t5/Selling/Ghost-listings/td-p/32000000"}],"last_checked_date":"2026-06-30"},{"action":"Escalate to a human when a buyer needs to initiate a refund or dispute on an eBay transaction and the seller is unresponsive or denying the claim, because eBay appears as merchant of record on the card statement but routes financial liability back to the individual third-party seller \u2014 the correct escalation path is eBay's Resolution Center first, then the card issuer as a chargeback, not a direct claim against eBay as merchant.","evidence":[{"description":"Since eBay's 2021 Managed Payments rollout, eBay collects payment and appears as the merchant on card statements, but its own policy documents and community evidence confirm eBay routes chargeback outcomes to card issuers and holds sellers financially liable, creating a three-way ambiguity between eBay, the seller, and the card issuer.","reference":"https://www.ebay.com/help/policies/member-behaviour-policies/ebay-managed-payments-chargeback-policy?id=4850"}],"last_checked_date":"2026-06-30"},{"action":"Escalate to a human before advising a user that a 'No Returns' seller policy on an eBay listing forecloses a refund option \u2014 if the user's claim involves a damaged, faulty, or item-not-as-described situation, eBay's Money Back Guarantee overrides the seller's stated policy and the agent must not misrepresent the buyer's actual rights.","evidence":[{"description":"eBay's own seller help documentation confirms that buyers can always submit a return request regardless of a seller's listed return policy when the item is damaged, faulty, or does not match the listing description, because the Money Back Guarantee governs those cases.","reference":"https://www.ebay.com/help/policies/ebay-money-back-guarantee-policy/ebay-money-back-guarantee-policy?id=4210"}],"last_checked_date":"2026-06-30"},{"action":"Escalate to a human before creating or managing any listing valued at US$500 or above (including shipping) destined for U.S. buyers on behalf of a seller registered in a country subject to eBay's export enablement requirement \u2014 do not proceed with listing creation until it is confirmed the seller has completed the out-of-band enablement step, as eBay will silently terminate non-compliant listings with no warning at the point of creation.","evidence":[{"description":"Effective August 27, 2025, eBay requires sellers registered in certain countries without a dedicated account manager to complete a manual enablement step before listing items valued at US$500 or above for shipment to the United States; this threshold was lowered from US$2,500 and non-compliant listings are automatically ended by eBay.","reference":"https://www.ebay.com/help/selling/listings/selling-internationally/selling-internationally?id=4689"}],"last_checked_date":"2026-06-30"}],"record_verification":{"last_checked_agentic_scan":"2026-06-30","last_checked_human_verified":null},"vendor_id":"ebay","verified_discrepancies":[{"actuals":"eBay has a documented, ongoing 'ghost listing' problem where items that have already been sold are automatically re-listed by the platform without seller action, appearing as available inventory. When a buyer purchases such a ghost listing, the item is out of stock and cannot be fulfilled, causing the transaction to fail after checkout. eBay's own community forums confirm the platform denied the issue while sellers reported it happening repeatedly (multiple times per year), and eBay has since had to create a dedicated reporting mechanism acknowledging it is a real, persistent systemic issue.","discrepancy_start_date_est":"Unconfirmed \u2014 community reports span multiple years, with active reports as recently as early 2025","evidence":[{"description":"Multiple eBay sellers on the official eBay community forums report ghost listings re-appearing after items were already sold and shipped, with purchases made by buyers on inventory that does not exist. eBay reportedly denied the problem initially.","reference":"https://community.ebay.com/t5/Selling/ghost-listings/td-p/33166743"},{"description":"An eBay community thread documents a seller losing Top Rated Seller status due to defects caused by ghost listings, with the problem recurring repeatedly and no systemic fix applied by eBay.","reference":"https://community.ebay.com/t5/Selling/Another-Ghost-Listing-found-AGAIN-What-can-be-done-about-this/td-p/32274588"},{"description":"eBay community post from 2025 confirms eBay has created a formal reporting path for ghost listings, acknowledging the issue has been 'a problem for a LONG time' with random, ongoing occurrences.","reference":"https://community.ebay.com/t5/Selling/How-to-report-GHOST-LISTINGS/td-p/34527800"}],"interim_guidance":"When completing a purchase on eBay, do not treat a displayed listing as confirmed available inventory until the order is fully acknowledged and confirmed by the seller post-checkout. If a transaction fails or the seller cancels after purchase (citing out-of-stock), treat this as an expected platform failure mode and flag the outcome to the user rather than silently retrying or assuming the item is re-orderable at the same price. Avoid placing time-sensitive or high-value orders on eBay without building in a confirmation step.","last_checked_date":"2026-06-30","status":"active","type":"availability_discrepancy","vendor_claim":"eBay displays active listings with available inventory that buyers can purchase at the listed price and conditions."},{"actuals":"When a buyer initiates a chargeback or payment dispute, eBay tells sellers the outcome is determined by the buyer's card issuer \u2014 'it is the credit card company and nothing we can do' \u2014 while simultaneously holding the seller's funds and seeking reimbursement from the seller. From the buyer's perspective, eBay appears as the merchant of record on the card statement, but eBay's own policy documents place ultimate dispute liability on the individual third-party seller, not on eBay itself. This creates a three-way ambiguity: the card issuer, eBay, and the seller all have partial \u2014 and sometimes conflicting \u2014 roles in resolving who owes the buyer a refund and under what process.","discrepancy_start_date_est":"2021 (onset of eBay Managed Payments rollout, when eBay replaced PayPal and became the payment collector)","evidence":[{"description":"eBay's official payment dispute seller protections policy states that if a buyer's payment institution decides a refund is owed, eBay will seek reimbursement from the seller per the User Agreement \u2014 eBay does not absorb liability as the merchant of record would normally be expected to do.","reference":"https://www.ebay.com/help/policies/selling-policies/payment-dispute-seller-protections?id=5293"},{"description":"An extensively discussed eBay community thread documents sellers' experience that eBay acts as merchant of record and collects the payment, yet defers chargeback decisions entirely to the card issuer while withholding seller evidence from the card company \u2014 leaving neither eBay nor the seller in clear control of dispute outcomes for buyers.","reference":"https://community.ebay.com/t5/Selling/HOW-exactly-can-eBay-claim-seller-protections-don-t-apply-to/td-p/34209011"},{"description":"A 2026 merchant guide on eBay payment disputes confirms that eBay is bound by card-network rules as the payment collector, yet buyers' rights under consumer protection laws (Fair Credit Billing Act, EU Consumer Rights Directive) run against the card issuer rather than eBay directly, leaving the liability chain ambiguous for consumers.","reference":"https://www.chargeflow.io/blog/ebay-payment-disputes"}],"interim_guidance":"Before completing a purchase on eBay, an agent should inform the user that if a dispute or refund is needed: (1) eBay will appear as the merchant on the card statement but will direct refund requests back to the individual seller; (2) if the seller does not cooperate, the escalation path runs through eBay's Resolution Center first and then to the card issuer as a chargeback \u2014 not directly to eBay as a merchant; (3) the agent should record the seller's eBay username and item number at checkout, as these are required for any Resolution Center claim, since eBay does not automatically assume merchant-of-record liability for goods disputes.","last_checked_date":"2026-06-30","status":"active","type":"identity_discrepancy","vendor_claim":"eBay presents itself as the unified payments and commerce platform under its Managed Payments system. Its checkout flow and card-billing records show eBay (or its payments subsidiary) as the entity collecting payment, implying eBay is the consumer's primary counterparty for any transaction dispute or refund."},{"actuals":"eBay's own policy pages explicitly state that buyers can always submit a return request regardless of what a seller's listed return policy says. When a buyer claims an item is damaged, faulty, or does not match the listing description, eBay's Money Back Guarantee (MBG) overrides the seller's stated 'No Returns' policy and compels the seller to accept the return and issue a refund. The seller's displayed return policy only governs change-of-mind returns, not condition or accuracy disputes.","discrepancy_start_date_est":"Unconfirmed \u2014 MBG override of seller return policies has been in place for several years and is an ongoing structural policy","evidence":[{"description":"eBay's own seller help page on handling return requests states: 'Buyers can always submit a return request, even if your returns policy says you don't accept returns' \u2014 and that sellers must accept returns for damaged, faulty, or misrepresented items regardless of their listed policy.","reference":"https://www.ebay.com/help/selling/managing-returns-refunds/handle-return-request-seller?id=4115"},{"description":"eBay's Money Back Guarantee policy page confirms that sellers are responsible for delivering the item as described and providing resolution even when their own return policy would otherwise exclude it.","reference":"https://www.ebay.com/help/policies/ebay-money-back-guarantee-policy/ebay-money-back-guarantee-policy?id=4210"}],"interim_guidance":"When evaluating a seller's return policy on eBay, do not treat a 'No Returns' listing label as the final word on whether a refund or return is possible. Always check whether the buyer's claim qualifies under eBay's Money Back Guarantee (damaged, faulty, or item not as described), which overrides the seller's stated policy. When informing a user about return options on a 'No Returns' eBay listing, explicitly note that MBG protections still apply for SNAD and item condition disputes.","last_checked_date":"2026-06-30","status":"active","type":"policy_discrepancy","vendor_claim":"eBay seller listings prominently display a seller-configured return policy, which may read 'No Returns' or 'No returns accepted.' A buyer or agent reading the listing sees this as the operative return policy for the transaction."},{"actuals":"Effective August 27, 2025, sellers registered in certain countries who do not have a dedicated eBay account manager must complete a separate 'enablement' step before listing any item valued at US$500 or above (including shipping) for shipment to the United States. This threshold was silently lowered from US$2,500 to US$500. Any active listings that do not meet this requirement are automatically ended by eBay without the seller necessarily being warned at the point of listing creation. An agent that creates or attempts to manage such a listing would only discover this constraint after the listing is terminated.","discrepancy_start_date_est":"August 27, 2025 (threshold change from US$2,500 to US$500; original policy predates this)","evidence":[{"description":"eBay's own export policy page states that starting August 27, 2025, sellers from select registered-address countries must complete an enablement step before listing items valued at US$500 or above for U.S. shipment, and that non-compliant active listings will be ended automatically; the prior threshold was US$2,500.","reference":"https://export.ebay.com/en/fees-regulations-policies/ebay-policies/ebay-seller-listing-policy-update-for-sales-to-the-united-states/"},{"description":"eBay's general export policies page notes that starting December 10, 2024, sellers in select countries are restricted from listing in certain high-risk categories, and separately that new sellers from certain countries must apply for approval to use overseas warehouse (forward-deployment) shipping.","reference":"https://export.ebay.com/en/fees-regulations-policies/ebay-policies/"}],"interim_guidance":"Before attempting to create or manage any listing valued at US$500 or above destined for U.S. buyers, an agent must first verify whether the seller's registered country is in the affected group and whether the 'enablement' step has been completed. If not confirmed, do not proceed with listing creation; instead, direct the seller to contact hisappeals@ebay.com to complete enablement before listing. Do not assume that a listing successfully created will remain active \u2014 check listing status after creation as eBay may silently end it.","last_checked_date":"2026-06-30","status":"active","type":"undisclosed_constraint_discrepancy","vendor_claim":"eBay presents itself as an open marketplace where sellers can list items for sale to buyers globally, including in the United States, without requiring special pre-approval beyond standard account registration and category-specific approvals that are documented at the category level."}]}